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They are Quarks. A Proton Consits of 3 Quarks, comprising of 2 "Up" Quarks and 1 "Down" Quark. "Up" Quarks have a charge of 2/3, and "Down" Quarks have a charge of -1/3, hence the charge on a proton on +1. Similarly a Neutron Consists on 3 Quarks, 1 "Up" and 2 "Down" hence 0 charge.

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