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A physical change is a change in matter that involves no chemical reaction. When a substance undergoes a physical change, the composition of its molecules remains unchanged, and the substance does not lose its chemical identity. Melting, evaporating, and freezing are three types of physical change. For example, water (H2O) is a liquid that freezes to form the solid ice, which may again be melted into water. Because molecules of water and ice are composed of the same chemical elements in the same proportions, the change from water to ice is a physical change. Physical changes include any alteration in the shape and size of a substance. For example cutting, grinding, crushing, annealing, dissolving, or emulsifying produce physical changes. Still another physical change is sublimation, the change from a solid to a gas.

CHEMICAL CHANGE: When a substance undergoes a chemical change, the composition of its molecules changes. The properties of the original substance are lost, and new substances with new properties are produced. An example of a chemical change is the production of rust (iron oxide) when oxygen in the air reacts with iron. Chemical changes may also result in physical changes. For example, when wood (a solid) is burned, it is combined with oxygen gas to produce gaseous carbon dioxide (CO2), liquid water, and solid carbon.

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