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Protection measuresThe protection of natural and quarry faces can have two different aims:
  • Protecting the rock from alterations,
  • Protecting the infrastructure and towns from rockfalls.

It is therefore necessary to identify above all the cause of the alteration or the possibility of rockfall. Successively the area of operations needs to be delimited, the most suitable procedure to solve the problem and, finally, to control the effectiveness of the measure itself over a period of time. The most-used passive protection measures are:

  • boulder-gathering trenches at the foot of the hillside,
  • metal containment nets,
  • boulder barriers.

As far as the boulder barriers are concerned, they are generally composed of suitably rigid metal nets. Moreover, lately, various structural types have been put on the market, for which the manufactures specify the kinetic energy of absorption. One of the structural control methods for boulder containment nets starts from the concept of projectile collision, on the basis of which the maximum applied force and the corresponding resultant buckling are expressed, by means of a static analysis, leading to the quantification of the forces divided up among the various structural elements. Another type of boulder containment barrier is the earth embankment, possibly reinforced with geo-synthetics (reinforced ground).The advantage of this type of work, compared to nets, is easier maintenance and lower environmental impact minor.The absorption of kinetic energy is generally greater than that of metal nets.

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