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About 75 percent of the Earth's crust is composed primarily of eight elements: oxygen (O), silicon (Si), aluminum (Al), iron (Fe), calcium (Ca), sodium (Na), potassium (K), and magnesium (Mg). Among these, oxygen and silicon are the most abundant, forming silicate minerals that dominate the crust. These elements combine in various ways to create a wide variety of minerals, including feldspars, quartz, and micas, which are key components of rocks.

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