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The first type of carbohydrate is a monosaccharide. Monosaccharides include glucose, galactose, fructose, and ribose - all of which are essential for basic cellular function. Monosaccharides generally look like a 'ring' of carbon atoms with oxygen and hydrogens branching off from the central carbon skeleton.

The second type of carbohydrate is a disaccharide. Disaccharides are made of two monosaccharides linked together through an oxygen atom. Some examples are sucrose and lactose, which humans regularly digest as part of their diet.

The last type of carbohydrate is a polysaccharide. Polysaccharides are chains of monosaccharides that are longer than two 'rings' long. Polysaccharides are used for energy storage (such as glycogen in animals and amylopectin in plants), as well as structure (such as cellulose in plants and chitin in some arthropods).

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