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Trophic levels represent the hierarchical positions of organisms in an ecosystem based on their feeding relationships. The primary levels include producers (autotrophs) like plants that convert sunlight into energy, primary consumers (herbivores) that eat producers, secondary consumers (carnivores or omnivores) that eat primary consumers, and tertiary consumers that feed on secondary consumers. Decomposers, such as fungi and bacteria, play a crucial role at all levels by breaking down dead organic matter and recycling nutrients back into the ecosystem. Each trophic level typically loses energy as it moves up the chain, resulting in fewer organisms at higher levels.

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1w ago

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