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Two basic differences would be obviously innate size and structure.

Size
  • Diamonds -- as we know them as humans -- can be small, as small as 1/100th of a carat (one point) when processed. There may be smaller raw diamond stones, but they are generally commercially viable as industrial diamond dust.
  • Nanotubes -- are 1/50,000th the width of a human hair, considerably smaller than a (commercial) diamond or perhaps even diamond dust grains.

Structure

  • Diamonds are cubic in their structure and in raw form appear triangular or as two pyramids attached at the base.
  • Nanotubes naturally align themselves as ropes.
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