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There are three common types of anemometers:

  • Cup Anemometer
This is the most commonly used type of anemometer. It consists of several metal cups (usually three) which are attached to the ends of horizontal arms, which are mounted on a vertical shaft. When wind gets caught in the cups, it moves. This turns the shaft which is connected to an electrical generator which gives the wind speed (the amount of electricity produced depends on the wind speed) in miles per hour, kilometers per hour, or knots.
  • Propeller Anemometer
Here, the wind turns a propeller instead of cups. It is used where the direction of wind changes, and is usually connected to a weather vane. The vane shows the correct wind direction, and the propeller indicates the wind speed. This type of anemometer is usually used to measure air flow in ventilating shafts.
  • Hot-wire anemometer
It consists of an electrically heated wire exposed to the wind. The rate of heat loss from the wire depends on the wind speed. The wind speed is determined by measuring the electricity required to maintain the wire at a constant temperature. This type of anemometer is mainly used in experimental work.

Source: HowStuffWorks

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