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Olivine is primarily composed of magnesium iron silicate, with the general formula (Mg, Fe)2SiO4, indicating a high concentration of magnesium and iron. In contrast, biotite mica is a potassium magnesium iron aluminum silicate hydroxide, represented by the formula K(Mg, Fe)3AlSi3O10(OH)2, which includes potassium and hydroxide ions along with aluminum. This difference in composition reflects their distinct physical properties and crystallization processes, with olivine typically forming in high-temperature environments, while biotite forms at lower temperatures and in more hydrous conditions. Overall, olivine is more basic and less complex compared to the more layered and hydrous structure of biotite mica.
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What is olivine syenite?
Extremely iron-rich olivine is rare, but is present in some nepheline syenite. Other minerals common in minor amounts include sodium-rich pyroxene, biotite.
Is oxidation of iron an important chemical weathering process for ferromagnesian silicate minerals like olivine and biotite?
Yes, the oxidation of iron in ferromagnesian silicate minerals like olivine and biotite is an important chemical weathering process. When these minerals are weathered, iron oxidation can lead to the formation of iron oxides like hematite and goethite, which are more stable under Earth's surface conditions. This process can alter the mineral structure and composition, leading to the breakdown of the original mineral and the release of cations and ions into solution.
What are the examples of isomorphic minerals?
Examples of isomorphic minerals include olivine, pyroxene, amphibole, garnet, and feldspar. These minerals have similar crystal structures but different chemical compositions, resulting in isomorphism.
What types of minerals make up the continuous reaction series?
The continuous reaction series primarily involves the mineral groups of feldspars and amphiboles, which represent the gradual transition from mafic to felsic compositions. As magma cools, minerals crystallize in a specific order: olivine, pyroxene, amphibole, and biotite, followed by feldspars, muscovite, and quartz. This series illustrates the progressive change in mineral composition based on temperature and chemical environment during crystallization. The continuous nature of the series reflects the range of compositions within the feldspar and amphibole families, allowing for a spectrum of mineral types rather than distinct categories.
What minerals are common in both felsic and marfic igneous rocks?
Biotite and muscovite micas, quartz, magnetite, olivine, amphiboles, and feldspars.
What element is principally responsible for making olivine pyroxene amphibole and biotite dark?
Iron is principally responsible for making olivine, pyroxene, amphibole, and biotite dark in color. Iron impurities in these minerals can give them a dark green, black, or brown coloration.
What is olivine syenite?
Extremely iron-rich olivine is rare, but is present in some nepheline syenite. Other minerals common in minor amounts include sodium-rich pyroxene, biotite.
Is oxidation of iron an important chemical weathering process for ferromagnesian silicate minerals like olivine and biotite?
Yes, the oxidation of iron in ferromagnesian silicate minerals like olivine and biotite is an important chemical weathering process. When these minerals are weathered, iron oxidation can lead to the formation of iron oxides like hematite and goethite, which are more stable under Earth's surface conditions. This process can alter the mineral structure and composition, leading to the breakdown of the original mineral and the release of cations and ions into solution.
Are Olivine and quartz commonly found together in the same rock?
Yes, olivine and quartz are not commonly found together in the same rock. Olivine typically forms in mafic and ultramafic rocks like basalt and peridotite, whereas quartz is common in felsic rocks like granite. The two minerals have different chemical compositions and are usually associated with different rock types.
What are the main materials that felsic lava are made of?
Common rock-forming mafic minerals include olivine, pyroxene,amphibole, biotite mica, and the plagioclase feldspars
What are the examples of isomorphic minerals?
Examples of isomorphic minerals include olivine, pyroxene, amphibole, garnet, and feldspar. These minerals have similar crystal structures but different chemical compositions, resulting in isomorphism.
What types of minerals make up the continuous reaction series?
The continuous reaction series primarily involves the mineral groups of feldspars and amphiboles, which represent the gradual transition from mafic to felsic compositions. As magma cools, minerals crystallize in a specific order: olivine, pyroxene, amphibole, and biotite, followed by feldspars, muscovite, and quartz. This series illustrates the progressive change in mineral composition based on temperature and chemical environment during crystallization. The continuous nature of the series reflects the range of compositions within the feldspar and amphibole families, allowing for a spectrum of mineral types rather than distinct categories.
What minerals are common in both felsic and marfic igneous rocks?
Biotite and muscovite micas, quartz, magnetite, olivine, amphiboles, and feldspars.
What are the ten most rock- forming minerals?
Quartz, Potassium Feldspar, Plagioclase Feldspar, Muscovite (mica), Biotite (mica), Amphibole (hornblende), Pyroxene, Olivine, Calcite, Dolomite.
Why are olivine and quartz never found together in an igneous rock?
Olivine and quartz are rarely found together in igneous rocks due to their differing crystallization conditions and compositions. Olivine typically forms at higher temperatures in mafic and ultramafic magmas, while quartz crystallizes at lower temperatures in more silica-rich, felsic magmas. The presence of olivine usually indicates a more magnesium- and iron-rich environment, whereas quartz is associated with more silicon-rich compositions, making their coexistence in the same rock highly unlikely.
Is a gabbro a intrusive rock or a extrusive rock?
it is an intrusive igneous rock with composition equivalent of basalt.it is dark colored due to high concentration of dark minerals;olivine,biotite,hornblende.
Does Gabbro and granite have a similar mineral composition and texture?
Both gabbro and granite are igneous rocks, but they have different mineral compositions and textures. Gabbro is dark in color and consists mainly of pyroxene, plagioclase feldspar, and olivine minerals, with a coarse-grained texture. Granite, on the other hand, is light in color and composed mainly of quartz, feldspar, and mica minerals, with a medium to coarse-grained texture.
