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The aurora is caused by the interaction of high-energy particles (usually electrons) with neutral atoms in earth's upper atmosphere. This process is similar to the discharge in a neon lamp, or the fluorescence of a television screen. The strongest auroras are quite bright, comparable to moonlight. The aurora occurs only above altitudes of 80 km, and infrequently above 500 km. The average altitude for a normal intensity aurora is between 110 and 200 km.
Auroras are caused by solar flares from the sun splashing off the magnetic fields of Earth.
particles from the solar wind that are trapped in the earths magnetic field
An Aurora Australis or an Aurora Borealis occurs when streams of particles from the sun's solar winds hit the earth's atmosphere at an angle (as can only happen at the poles). These particles interact with the edges of the earth's magnetic field and when they collide with the gases in the ionosphere, the particles glow creating curtains of blue, green and magenta. An aurora is sometimes accompanied by a crackling sound.

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