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Soil compaction refers to the formation of dense layers of well packed soil, often at the bottom of the cultivated layer.

The most common causes of soil compaction are tractors, harvesting equipment and implement wheels travelling over moist, loose soils. Soils tend to be more compacted deeper into the soil profile due to the weight of overlaying soil above.

Compaction from tyres is related to

  • load
  • ground contact pressure (same as inflation pressure)
  • wheel slip
  • tyre dimensions and construction
  • forward speed
  • the number of passes (90% of compaction occurs on the first pass).

Tractor power and weight have increased 60 - 80% since the mid-sixties, while the tyre area in contact with the soil has only increased on average 20%. This means that compaction is occurring deeper in the profile, and is therefore becoming more difficult to repair once it occurs.

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