Conductivity is caused by either two things. The first, is de-mobilised electrons, and the second, is free ions. Electrons can carry charge, and so if they are not localised on an atom, they can carry charge throughout a substance. The best example of this is any type of metal, or graphite. Solutions like water are conducters because they have free ions dissolved amongst the H20 molecules. These ions that are dissolved would not be conductors if they were solids, because the ions would be fixed by ionic bonds to one another. Water molecules are small enough to break these ionic bonds apart, and so seperate these ions. Ions can carry charge, so as long as the ions are free to move throughout the solution, the solution will conduct.
To increase pH without increasing conductivity, you can use chemicals like potassium hydroxide or sodium hydroxide which will raise the pH without affecting conductivity significantly. These chemicals increase the pH by accepting protons (H+) in the solution, but they do not contribute to the conductivity of the solution. Regular monitoring and adjustment of the pH level will help you maintain the desired pH without raising the conductivity levels.
when heat travells through a material which over heats it. Thermal conduction then applies
An increase in the concentration of OH- ions.
Copper has the highest conductivity
To calculate the conductivity of a mixture, you can use the formula: conductivity = Σ(Ci * κi), where Ci is the concentration of each component in the mixture and κi is the conductivity of each component. Simply multiply the concentration of each component by its conductivity and sum up the products to get the overall conductivity of the mixture.
The raise in the price of a product causes an increase in competition.
A hell-raiser (or, perhaps, a raise-heller) is someone who causes trouble.
wendy
To increase pH without increasing conductivity, you can use chemicals like potassium hydroxide or sodium hydroxide which will raise the pH without affecting conductivity significantly. These chemicals increase the pH by accepting protons (H+) in the solution, but they do not contribute to the conductivity of the solution. Regular monitoring and adjustment of the pH level will help you maintain the desired pH without raising the conductivity levels.
It causes cholosterol to raise.
when heat travells through a material which over heats it. Thermal conduction then applies
An increase in the concentration of OH- ions.
The relationship between specific heat and thermal conductivity in materials is that specific heat measures the amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of a material, while thermal conductivity measures how well a material can transfer heat. Materials with high specific heat can absorb more heat without a large temperature change, while materials with high thermal conductivity can transfer heat quickly.
7
well, not metal+metal, but for the other 2 you'd have to specify, because water+metal=good conductivity & just water or another liquid = good conductivity. now stone, it is a horrible conductor.
Hi pH causes scaling
Molar conductivity is what increases dilution. It is the conductivity of an electrolyte solution.