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two method of the reproduction in plants
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What mutation causes either the inclusion of an extra chromosomes in offspring or the deletion of an entire chromosomes?
non-disjunction
Random separation of chromosomes during anaphase?
During anaphase, chromosomes are randomly separated due to the attachment of spindle fibers to the centromeres of each chromosome. The pulling force exerted by the spindle fibers on the centromeres causes the chromosomes to move towards opposite poles of the cell. This random separation ensures that each daughter cell receives a complete and unique set of chromosomes.
What are the two most important structures involved in moving chromosomes during mitosis?
Centromeres and spindle fibers..Prophase: During cell division small structures called centromeres move to opposite ends of a cell.Prometaphase: These centromere structures produce spindle fibers that attach to the chromosomes' kinetochores (where the sister chromatids are joined together with bundles of proteins). Other spindle fibers attach to each other at the center.Metaphase: Tension is applied to the fibers, this causes the chromosomes to align along the center of the cell.Anaphase: The fibers pull the chromosomes apart and towards the centromeres at each end of the cell.Telophase: chromosomes arrive at ends and spindle fivers disappear.
Describe a significance event that occurs in each of the four stages of mitosis?
In prophase, the genetic material in the nucleus is in a loosely bundled coil (chromatin). The Chromatin condense together into a highly ordered structure called a chromosome. Since the genetic material has already been duplicated, the replicated chromosomes have two sister chromatids, bound together at the centromere. In metaphase, microtubules find and attach to the centromeres of the chromosomes, and pull the chromosomes where they convene along the metaphase plate (middle of the cell). In anaphase, the sister chromatids are cleaved, allowing them to separate into distinct sister chromosomes, and are pulled apart by shortening the microtubules. This causes the chromosomes tom move toward the respective ends of the cell to which they are attached. Finally, in telophase microtubules continue to lengthen, elongating the cell even more. Corresponding sister chromosomes attach at opposite ends of the cell. A new nuclear envelope forms around each set of separated sister chromosomes. Both sets of chromosomes, now surrounded by new nuclei, unfold back into chromatin. Cytokinesis also occurs in which the cell breaks (furrows) into two distinct cells.
What mutation cause changes in the number of chromosome?
Aneuploidy mutation causes a change in the number of chromosomes. Aneuploidy occurs during cell division when the chromosomes do not separate properly resulting in a change in the number of chromosomes.
What causes the dancing of chromosomes in anaphase?
So that the cell can divide into two identical daughter cells, each with its own genetically identical nucleus.
Mitosis causes chromosomes to?
double A+
What causes dwarf or midget size?
the chromosomes
What mutation causes either the inclusion of an extra chromosomes in offspring or the deletion of an entire chromosomes?
non-disjunction
Random separation of chromosomes during anaphase?
During anaphase, chromosomes are randomly separated due to the attachment of spindle fibers to the centromeres of each chromosome. The pulling force exerted by the spindle fibers on the centromeres causes the chromosomes to move towards opposite poles of the cell. This random separation ensures that each daughter cell receives a complete and unique set of chromosomes.
Which chromosomes causes the disease pku?
12 th chromosome
What causes a baby to come out deformed?
Mutations in their chromosomal DNA. Each parent gives chromosomes to the baby, and when they meet sometimes there are doubles of chromosomes, missing chromosomes, or mutated chromosomes which cause abnormalities in the DNA and overall the child.
What are the phases of mitosis including what he chromosome is doing in each phase and what the end products are?
1. Prophasea. Centrioles form and move to opposite poles (top and bottom) of the cell and produce spindle fibers.b. The nucleus and nucleolus break down. c. DNA is supercoiling into chromosomes.2. Metaphasea. the centrioles are at the opposite poles. i. Attached by fibers called asters to secure them to the cell membrane. b. The chromosomes are all lined up at the metaphase plate or equator (the horizontal middle of the cell) c. The spindle fibers from the centrioles attach to the centromeres of the chromosomes. (The middle of the X-shaped chromosomes).3. Anaphasea. The spindle fibers pull the centromeres towards the centrioles. i. This causes the double-stranded chromosomes to rip into identical, single-stranded halves.4. Telophasea. The chromosomes are at opposite sides of the cell now. b. A new nucleus or nuclear membrane is formed. c. Spindle fibers are gone. d. The cytoplasm gets split in half to fill each new cell. e. The cell membrane grows and pinches in the center, called a cleavage furrow.Now there are two "daughter cells" with identical DNA in them.
What does meiosis cause the chromosomes to do during cell division?
Meiosis causes the chromosomes to separate and reduce their number in half during cell division.
What are the two most important structures involved in moving chromosomes during mitosis?
Centromeres and spindle fibers..Prophase: During cell division small structures called centromeres move to opposite ends of a cell.Prometaphase: These centromere structures produce spindle fibers that attach to the chromosomes' kinetochores (where the sister chromatids are joined together with bundles of proteins). Other spindle fibers attach to each other at the center.Metaphase: Tension is applied to the fibers, this causes the chromosomes to align along the center of the cell.Anaphase: The fibers pull the chromosomes apart and towards the centromeres at each end of the cell.Telophase: chromosomes arrive at ends and spindle fivers disappear.
Describe a significance event that occurs in each of the four stages of mitosis?
In prophase, the genetic material in the nucleus is in a loosely bundled coil (chromatin). The Chromatin condense together into a highly ordered structure called a chromosome. Since the genetic material has already been duplicated, the replicated chromosomes have two sister chromatids, bound together at the centromere. In metaphase, microtubules find and attach to the centromeres of the chromosomes, and pull the chromosomes where they convene along the metaphase plate (middle of the cell). In anaphase, the sister chromatids are cleaved, allowing them to separate into distinct sister chromosomes, and are pulled apart by shortening the microtubules. This causes the chromosomes tom move toward the respective ends of the cell to which they are attached. Finally, in telophase microtubules continue to lengthen, elongating the cell even more. Corresponding sister chromosomes attach at opposite ends of the cell. A new nuclear envelope forms around each set of separated sister chromosomes. Both sets of chromosomes, now surrounded by new nuclei, unfold back into chromatin. Cytokinesis also occurs in which the cell breaks (furrows) into two distinct cells.
What mutation cause changes in the number of chromosome?
Aneuploidy mutation causes a change in the number of chromosomes. Aneuploidy occurs during cell division when the chromosomes do not separate properly resulting in a change in the number of chromosomes.
