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Plate tectonics. As the plates shift on the large ball of molten rock around the core, the surface plates move to form new volcanoes while the old ones are left behind and are nothing but mountains. A good example of this is Olympus Mons the largest volcano in the solar system. Because Mars is so small its core wasnt hot enough to have plate tectonics so the volcano kept growing until the planets core cooled down so much that it is no longer in a molten state.

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