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The majority of task of building a protein is done with a ribosome, RNA, and amino acids. A tRNA will match with 3 bases of RNA, and the ribosome will keep them coming in to match the segment before dropping off their amino acid onto the end of the chain and then getting out of the way for the next segment.

This string of amino acids often spontaneously folds into the final form of the protein but in some cases these need to enter different membranes, a process much like threading the eye of a needle, before folding into the final protein. Further sections (usually on the ends of the string) may be cut off and some special chemistry to add a few atoms onto less-standard positions of particular amino acids may occur.

There are also proteins made of multiple strands of amino acids, having these substructures tied together in a (relatively) tidy package.

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