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From left to right on the Periodic Table, the elements in each group (column) have one more electron in their outer shell. For example, sodium (located on the far left side of the periodic table) has only one valence electron. Helium (located on the far right side of the periodic table) has 8 valence electrons. If the periodic table you're labels the 'A' and 'B' groups, then seeing the pattern is fairly easy. When you ignore the 'B' groups (transition metals), a very easy rule applies: whatever group (column) an element is in, that's the number of electrons in the outer shell. Elements in Group IA (like sodium) have one valence electron. Elements in Group IIA (like calcium) have 2 valence electrons. Likewise, elements in Group IIIA (like aluminum) have three valence electrons. This rule applies to all elements located in 'A' groups. For example, simply by looking at the periodic table, you can tell that fluorine has seven valence electrons because it is located in Group VIIA. In answer to your question, from left to right, on the periodic table, the number of valence electrons an element has increases.

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