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When a T cell binds to an antigen, it undergoes activation, leading to several key changes. The T cell proliferates and differentiates into effector cells, such as cytotoxic T cells or helper T cells, depending on the type of antigen and co-stimulatory signals received. This activation also enhances the T cell's ability to produce cytokines, which are crucial for orchestrating the immune response. Additionally, the T cell's surface markers and receptors may be upregulated, increasing its ability to recognize and respond to the pathogen.
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What occurs if a T cell binds to an antigen and the T cell does not receive a co-stimulatory signal?
The T cell enters a state of anergy. In this case, the T cell becomes tolerant to that antigen and is unable to divide or to secrete cytokines. This state of unresponsiveness to antigen is called anergy.
What changes occur to a carrier protein once it binds to its target molecules?
the carrier protein changes shape to release the molecule inside of a cell
What must occur for a message to be sent from the outside of the cell to the inside of cell?
A signaling molecule binds with a membrane protein
Is T cell activation antigen specific?
Yes. The first signal that a T cell receives from an antigen presenting cell (dendritic cell) is MHC presenting an antigen (foreign peptide). This gives the T cell specificity to this antigen.
What 2 things are needed for signal transduction to occur?
For signal transduction to occur, two essential components are a signaling molecule (such as a hormone or neurotransmitter) and a receptor. The signaling molecule binds to the receptor, usually located on the cell membrane, initiating a cascade of biochemical events within the cell. This process leads to a specific cellular response, such as changes in gene expression or alterations in cell activity.
What occurs if a T cell binds to an antigen and the T cell does not receive a co-stimulatory signal?
The T cell enters a state of anergy. In this case, the T cell becomes tolerant to that antigen and is unable to divide or to secrete cytokines. This state of unresponsiveness to antigen is called anergy.
What changes occur to a carrier protein once it binds to its target molecules?
the carrier protein changes shape to release the molecule inside of a cell
What occurs if a t cell binds to an antigen and the t cell does not receive a costimulatory signal?
The T cell enters a state of anergy
What must occur for a message to be sent from the outside of the cell to the inside of cell?
A signaling molecule binds with a membrane protein
What must occur for a message to be sent from outside of the cell to the inside of a cell?
A signaling molecule binds with a membrane protein
When an antigen binds to a Class 1 MHC molecule it stimulates what cell?
Class I MHC molecules present antigens to cytotoxic T-cells (which are CD3+CD8+).
What must occur for a message to be sent from the outside of the cell of the to the inside?
A signaling molecule binds with a membrane protein
Is T cell activation antigen specific?
Yes. The first signal that a T cell receives from an antigen presenting cell (dendritic cell) is MHC presenting an antigen (foreign peptide). This gives the T cell specificity to this antigen.
What must occur for a message to be sent outside a cell to the inside?
A signaling molecule binds with a membrane protein. ~apex
What must occur for a message to be sent from the outside of the cells to inside the cell?
A signaling molecule binds with a membrane protein
What 2 things are needed for signal transduction to occur?
For signal transduction to occur, two essential components are a signaling molecule (such as a hormone or neurotransmitter) and a receptor. The signaling molecule binds to the receptor, usually located on the cell membrane, initiating a cascade of biochemical events within the cell. This process leads to a specific cellular response, such as changes in gene expression or alterations in cell activity.
What is antigen binding?
Antigen binding is a region on an antibody that binds to antigens. Antigen binding is composed of one constant and one variable domain of each of the heavy and the light chain, and these domains shape the antigen binding site at the amino terminal end of the monomer.
