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When a T cell binds to an antigen, it undergoes activation, leading to several key changes. The T cell proliferates and differentiates into effector cells, such as cytotoxic T cells or helper T cells, depending on the type of antigen and co-stimulatory signals received. This activation also enhances the T cell's ability to produce cytokines, which are crucial for orchestrating the immune response. Additionally, the T cell's surface markers and receptors may be upregulated, increasing its ability to recognize and respond to the pathogen.
What else can I help you with?
What occurs if a T cell binds to an antigen and the T cell does not receive a co-stimulatory signal?
The T cell enters a state of anergy. In this case, the T cell becomes tolerant to that antigen and is unable to divide or to secrete cytokines. This state of unresponsiveness to antigen is called anergy.
What changes occur to a carrier protein once it binds to its target molecules?
the carrier protein changes shape to release the molecule inside of a cell
What must occur for a message to be sent from the outside of the cell to the inside of cell?
A signaling molecule binds with a membrane protein
Is T cell activation antigen specific?
Yes. The first signal that a T cell receives from an antigen presenting cell (dendritic cell) is MHC presenting an antigen (foreign peptide). This gives the T cell specificity to this antigen.
What type of cell makes blood cells?
antigen
What changes occur to a carrier protein once it binds to its target molecules?
the carrier protein changes shape to release the molecule inside of a cell
What occurs if a T cell binds to an antigen and the T cell does not receive a co-stimulatory signal?
The T cell enters a state of anergy. In this case, the T cell becomes tolerant to that antigen and is unable to divide or to secrete cytokines. This state of unresponsiveness to antigen is called anergy.
What occurs if a t cell binds to an antigen and the t cell does not receive a costimulatory signal?
The T cell enters a state of anergy
What must occur for a message to be sent from the outside of the cell to the inside of cell?
A signaling molecule binds with a membrane protein
What must occur for a message to be sent from outside of the cell to the inside of a cell?
A signaling molecule binds with a membrane protein
When an antigen binds to a Class 1 MHC molecule it stimulates what cell?
Class I MHC molecules present antigens to cytotoxic T-cells (which are CD3+CD8+).
What must occur for a message to be sent from the outside of the cell of the to the inside?
A signaling molecule binds with a membrane protein
Is T cell activation antigen specific?
Yes. The first signal that a T cell receives from an antigen presenting cell (dendritic cell) is MHC presenting an antigen (foreign peptide). This gives the T cell specificity to this antigen.
What must occur for a message to be sent outside a cell to the inside?
A signaling molecule binds with a membrane protein. ~apex
What must occur for a message to be sent from the outside of the cells to inside the cell?
A signaling molecule binds with a membrane protein
What is antigen binding?
Antigen binding is a region on an antibody that binds to antigens. Antigen binding is composed of one constant and one variable domain of each of the heavy and the light chain, and these domains shape the antigen binding site at the amino terminal end of the monomer.
Why are antibodies specific for certain antigens?
Antibodies binds to specific region in an antigen. Antibodies recognizes the part of an antigen and binds to specific region. Part of an antigen recognised by the antibody and binds is know as Antigenic Determinant or Epitope. Antibodies are generated by a sub set of immune cells called B cells. The main receptor for these cells are antibodies, although while they're bound to the surface of the B cell they are called B Cell Receptors (BCRs). While these cells are developing the BCR genes undergo a number of mutations, these mutations define the antigen binding region, which as described above, binds to the antigen. In fact there are so many possible ways the BCR genes can mutate that we can recognize a nearly infinite number of antigens. Then once your body has encountered an antigen the B cells that have BCRs that can react with the antigen begin to proliferate, and then they start excreting antibodies. After the infection is over, B cells will continue to refine they antigen specificity, that way when they encounter the infection again they can respond with much more specific antibodies and more quickly, this process is called affinity maturation.
