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Is RNA is usually single-stranded.?
During transcription, DNA is used as a template to make a copy of single-stranded RNA. only one of the two DNA strands is used as a template for RNA synthesis. therefore only one complementary strand of RNA is usually made
Does RNA exist in double helix?
RNA does form a double helix. It is unlike DNA in so far as RNA will typically form an A-form helix, whereas DNA alters between A-form and B-form helices, with the B-form being more common in cells. The switch between A and B form DNA is controlled, at least in part, by humidity - something discovered by Rosalind Franklin in 1953 when she was working on solving the structure of DNA. The structure of DNA was actually solved by James Watson and Francis Crick at the Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Cambridge (UK), although they could not have done it without the work of Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins (see the Nobel Prize website1 for more info on their work). The double helical nature of nucleic acids is due to hydrogen bonding between the bases, which are identical in DNA and RNA (with the exception of 1: DNA contains thymidine; RNA contains uracil in its place). This means that DNA-DNA double helices, DNA-RNA double helices and RNA-RNA double helices can be formed. 1 http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1962/index.html
Can you see individual DNA strands or genes in karyotypes?
nope you see chromosomes. which are each a single tightly wound strand of DNA but you cant make out that out. can see genes at all unless your looking at a sequence or have a florescent or radioactive tag.
What if we could see the individual nucleotide sequences of DNA?
You can see the nucleotide sequences in the DNA. It is called as DNA finger printing. It has got many applications in molecular biology.
What is meant by the term naked DNA?
the term naked DNA means ,we can see the DNA with dare eyes
Is RNA is usually single-stranded.?
During transcription, DNA is used as a template to make a copy of single-stranded RNA. only one of the two DNA strands is used as a template for RNA synthesis. therefore only one complementary strand of RNA is usually made
Why can't you see single strands of DNA becoming double strands?
Because DNA is so small you see big clumps with the human eye.
How do DNA and RNA differ in terms of sugar number of strands shape and bases?
Sugar- DNA has a deoxyribose sugar base while RNA has a ribose sugar base. This means that DNA's sugar base has one less oxygen than RNA's (de means one less and oxy is short for oxygen).# of Strands- DNA is double stranded (made of two strands) while RNA is single stranded (made of one strand).Nitrogen Bases- DNA and RNA both share the nitrogen bases of Adenine, Cytosine, and Guanine. However, DNA contains the nitrogen base of Thymine while RNA contains Uracil. The base pairing rules of DNA are A-T and G-C while the base pairing rules of RNA are A-U and G-C. So as you can see, uracil merely replaces thymine in RNA.
How is RNA differrent from DNA?
DNA is double stranded while rna is single stranded. DNA contains the bases a, g, t, c while RNA contains the bases a, g, c, u. See Protein Synthesis. they are also different because they have different meaning DNA is deoxyribonucleic acid and RNA is ribonucleic acid.
Does RNA exist in double helix?
RNA does form a double helix. It is unlike DNA in so far as RNA will typically form an A-form helix, whereas DNA alters between A-form and B-form helices, with the B-form being more common in cells. The switch between A and B form DNA is controlled, at least in part, by humidity - something discovered by Rosalind Franklin in 1953 when she was working on solving the structure of DNA. The structure of DNA was actually solved by James Watson and Francis Crick at the Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Cambridge (UK), although they could not have done it without the work of Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins (see the Nobel Prize website1 for more info on their work). The double helical nature of nucleic acids is due to hydrogen bonding between the bases, which are identical in DNA and RNA (with the exception of 1: DNA contains thymidine; RNA contains uracil in its place). This means that DNA-DNA double helices, DNA-RNA double helices and RNA-RNA double helices can be formed. 1 http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1962/index.html
Why cant you see DNA within a DNA?
Because the purpose of this lab is to extract DNA from a variety of cells and see DNA
Can you see individual DNA strands or genes in karyotypes?
nope you see chromosomes. which are each a single tightly wound strand of DNA but you cant make out that out. can see genes at all unless your looking at a sequence or have a florescent or radioactive tag.
Is DNA the same as a nuclear pore?
DNA is cause of nuclear pore (hole between two nuclear membrane) appearance. The single-stranded DNA located in pore annulus initiate nucleoporins assembly building native structure of pore complex ( please see details in Kuvichkin V.V., 2011, J. Membr. Biol. v. 241(3), pp.109-116).
What environmental factors damage DNA?
There are many common types of DNA damage that impact accurate replication by DNA polymerases . Furthermore, the degree and spectrum of DNA damage depends on the sample source and the type of environment to which it was exposed. Some types of damage are ubiquitous and can potentially be present in all extracted DNA, while other types of damage are the result of exposure to a specific source (see Table 1). Under hysiological conditions the most labile bond in DNA is the N-glycosyl bond that attaches the base to the deoxyribose backbone. This is in contrast to RNA in which the phosphodiester bond in the backbone is the least stable under the same conditions. Hydrolysis of the N-glycosyl bond results in the loss of a base leaving an rinic/apyrimidinic (AP) site that itself eventually decomposes into a nick. Because the reactive species is H2O, AP sites are expected in all stored DNA samples. This includes lyophilized samples because it is very difficult to remove the final shell of H2O molecules immediately adjacent to the DNA. Under metabolically active conditions it is estimated that approximately 2,000-10,000 AP sites are formed in a single human cell genome each day . This rate will vary from sample to sample, especially in samples taken from a crime scene because the type of environmental exposure will vary. The presence of AP sites in a DNA sample is problematic for two primary reasons. First, genetic information is lost because the AP site cannot form a base pair with an incoming nucleotide during DNA replication. Second, typical PCR polymerases stall at the AP site preventing further replication .If enough AP sites are present, amplification or sequencing reactions will simply fail. The breakdown of AP sites into nicks further compounds the problem as it eventually leads to the fragmentation of the DNA. Another common type of DNA damage that occurs under physiological conditions is the hydrolytic deamination of cytosine to form uracil .Sequencing studies on DNA extracted from very old samples, termed ancient DNA, have determined that this is the major damage complicating data analysis.Cytosine deamination, like AP site formation, is caused by hydrolysis and is probably present in the DNA extracted from many sources. Interestingly, unlike depurination, the rate of cytosine deamination is slowed in double-stranded DNA as compared to single stranded DNA.
What is the shape and structure of the chickenpox protein coat?
Chickenpox is an enveloped DNA virus. It is pleomorphic (that is, it doesn't come in a single shape, but in multiple shapes.) Its size is 150-200 nanometers. See related link for more details.
How long is DNA if completely unraveled?
If completely unraveled, human DNA would stretch from the Earth to the Moon. If you stretch it and not unravel it, the distance is on average about 6 ft. (2 m) long, but is a very thin thread. The single human chromosome on average consists of DNA molecules approximately 2 inches long. The Physics Factbook [see link below] gives the formula of: "The length is (length of 1 bp)(number of bp per cell) which is (0.34 nm)(6 × 109)"
What if we could see the individual nucleotide sequences of DNA?
You can see the nucleotide sequences in the DNA. It is called as DNA finger printing. It has got many applications in molecular biology.
