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Luis Alvarez did pretty much all of his work in the USA.

During WW II he made improvements to IFF (Identification Friend or Foe) radar beacons - now known as transponders.

He also worked on the VIXEN system which made it easier for airborne radar to detect enemy submarines without them realizing they had been found.

Alvarez invented a linear dipole array antenna, the first microwave phased-array antenna. This antenna was used in both the Microwave Early Warning (MEW) system and the Eagle precision bombing radar that allowed Allied forces to carry out bombings even in bad weather or through clouds.

He is most famous for developing the Ground Controlled Approach (GCA) radar that allows ground control to guide an aircraft into the runway by transmitting verbal commands to the pilot. The system was simple, direct, and worked well, even with previously untrained pilots. It was so successful that the military continued to use it for many years after the war, and it was still in use in some countries in the 1980s. Although he developed the GCA radar in the USA, he spent the summer of 1943 in England testing and improving it.

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What provides images of weather systems that we see on television weather reports?

Television weather reports often use data from weather satellites, radar systems, and weather observation stations to generate images of weather systems. Satellites capture real-time images of cloud cover, temperature, and storm systems from space, while radar detects precipitation and wind patterns. Meteorologists analyze this data to create visual representations, such as maps and graphics, which help communicate current and forecasted weather conditions to the public.


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The type of radar that continuously measures wind, moisture, and temperature in the upper atmosphere is known as Doppler radar, specifically weather radar systems like the Weather Surveillance Radar (WSR-88D). These radars utilize the Doppler effect to detect motion and can infer atmospheric conditions by analyzing the returned signals. Additionally, systems like the Atmospheric Profiling Radar (APR) can provide detailed vertical profiles of these parameters.


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