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Each kidney is protected by 3 outer layers

1) the renal fascia a tough external fibrous coat of connective tissue

2) the adipose capsule layer a layer of fatty tissue

3) the renal capsule another fibrous layer

The main body of the kidney also has 3 layers

1) the renal cortex that is packed full of knots of capillaries. These are known as glomeruli and their capsules

2) the renal medulla containing capillaries and urine forming tubules

3) the renal pelvis a central space where the urine collects

The glomeruli, capsules and tubules are the constituent parts of the millions of micro-filtering units known as nephrons.

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