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Priestley and Lavoisier discovered oxygen. I think they burned magnesium and it got heavier. The

phlogiston theory (the theory that people believed about burning and combustion) could not answer this so they had discovered something. We now know that oxygen from the air is "extracted" when the magnesium is burned. the oxygen then combines with the magnesium and form magnesium oxide. So if you started with 24g of magnesium and burned it, you would end up with about 40g of magnesium oxide.

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