Arab astronomers invented the astrolab, a device for helping them mark the positions of the planets and constellations through the seasons.
Before them the Greeks had invented the "Ankylothera" device, sort of a celestial calendar.
Prior to both of these groups Egyptians marked the ground with stones to note the position of the sun at its solstices and equinoxes. Stone henge, in England, was an astronomical observatory. There are also rock arrangements in South America American Indian observers used to note the positions of stars.
tools like radio and telescope and camera.
A Telescope
Many people use a telescope. Astronomers, scientists, astronauts, cosmic data analysts. Even anyone who merely has a curiosity and wishes to know what is beyond our atmosphere uses a telescope.
At the time, using a telescope to observe the night sky was a new and controversial idea. Many astronomers were skeptical of Galileo's findings and methods, preferring to rely on traditional instruments and observations. Additionally, telescopes were expensive and not widely available, which may have limited their adoption among fellow astronomers.
Astronomers used observational and mathematical skills to discover Neptune. They observed irregularities in the orbit of Uranus and calculated the gravitational influence needed to explain these irregularities, leading them to predict and discover the existence of Neptune.
The telescope wasn't invented until about 1604, so "early" astronomers had no telescopes.
EARLY astronomers primarily used mathematics; that's why so many "early astronomers" are described as "mathematician and astronomer". Until the invention of the telescope in the early 1600's, there were no astronomical tools beyond the octant.
telescope
tools like radio and telescope and camera.
Astronomers use a telescope to view planets directly.
A Telescope
Astronomers, mostly those who work for NASA. Some astronomers from Universities can also access it.
space research centre
A freaking telescope
Until the telescope was invented their greatest tool was the human eye.
Galileo was the first person to use a telescope for astronomical research.
Many people use a telescope. Astronomers, scientists, astronauts, cosmic data analysts. Even anyone who merely has a curiosity and wishes to know what is beyond our atmosphere uses a telescope.