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Carbon dioxide (CO2) is a greenhouse gas. Greenhouse gases are gases that absorb infrared radiation. By absorbing this type of light, they trap heat in the earth's atmosphere. They absorb the infrared radiation and release that energy in the form of heat. This heat warms the atmosphere and ends up increasing the overall temperature of the planet. Other greenhouse gases are water, methane, SF6, CFC's, and oxides of nitrogen, and others.

There are many greenhouse gases in the atmosphere at high levels (such as water), and it is in fact these gases that make life on earth possible! Otherwise the temperature of the earth would be about 40 °C colder than it is!

However, the problem is that humans are rapidly adding large quantities of CO2 into the atmosphere due to the use of fossil fuels (the combustion of coal, oil and natural gas all forms CO2 gas as a product). This addition of CO2 is disrupting the natural balance that the earth has been in for millions of years. Levels of CO2 in the atmosphere have not been as high as they are today for over one million years, and we are currently on a course to more than double the current level. It is the extremely rapid increase in levels of CO2 due to human use of fossil fuels that is causing serious concern among scientists.

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