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There are two basic groups of organisms (living things). Those that can produce their own carbohydrates (autotrophs) and those that need to consume carbohydrates (heterotrophs). Once the organism has carbohydrate available they break it down to sugars, which can be metabolised to produce ATP, the energy carrier of the cell. Depending on the sugar the first step may be glycolysis (if the sugars have six carbon atoms) or the pentose-phosphate pathway (if the sugars have five carbon atoms). The pentose-phosphate pathway feeds into glycolysis.

After glycolysis, if there is oxygen present, more energy molecules are produced during the Krebs Cycle (also called the tricarboxylic acid cycle) and electron transport chain.

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