A scientist that studies fungi is called a mycologist.
A chemist
A scientist who studies gems such as rubies and diamonds is called a gemologist. They are experts in identifying and evaluating the quality and characteristics of gemstones.
A scientist who studies DNA double helix is called a molecular geneticist or a geneticist specializing in molecular biology.
They would probably either be an Atmospheric Scientist or an Oceanographer if they were studying the phenomenon itself, depending on which aspect they're looking at.
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A mycologist is a scientist who studies molds and other fungi.
A biotechnology scientist.
Mycologist
An Oceanographer. Marine Biologist, that sort of thing.
A scientist that studies viruses is called a virologist.
A scientist who studies mollusks is called a teuthologist.
A scientist that studies bears would be called an ursinologist.
virologist
An aviologist.
biologist
A meteorologist.
A vulcanologist