Tide pools. If you never have been to tide pools and can get to a rocky shoreline close to you do it. Tide pools are filled with little fish, sea plants, crabs, and other things. Look, but don't touch since tide pools are a sensitive environment where things are living.
A small narrow waterway between two pieces of land is called a strait.
When liquid water changes into water vapor it is called evaporation. Condensation would be the opposite from water vapor to liquid water.
Dodinum
You call it a time capsule. Time capsules are often buried or hidden to be recovered by future generations, providing a glimpse into the past.
the entrance to the ocean
This depends what you call a lake. Small lakes are ponds. Small ponds are just little puddles.
limnology
a moat
a moat
A Mote
a moat
a moat
Aquarium
canals
a moat
A conniston
It is called a moat