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The first life on earth were prokaryotes or eukarytoes?
For the first 1.5 billion years, prokaryotes ruled the earth (and still do). It was not until about 2,100 million years ago that the first eukaryote evolved. It is hypothesised that the first eukaryote was a result of a larger prokaryote engulfing a smaller prokaryote (symbiosis) and they began to cohabitate together. The evidence for this is that mitochondrian and chlorophylls have their own DNA and are very similar to prokaryotic cells.
Describe three ways that plant cells are differ from the cells of eukarytoes?
Plant cells differ from other eukaryotic cells in several key ways. Firstly, they possess a rigid cell wall made of cellulose, providing structural support and protection, while most eukaryotic cells have only a flexible plasma membrane. Secondly, plant cells contain chloroplasts, which enable photosynthesis to convert sunlight into energy, a feature not found in animal or fungal eukaryotic cells. Lastly, plant cells often have larger central vacuoles that store water and nutrients, helping maintain turgor pressure, whereas many eukaryotic cells have smaller or no vacuoles.
What types of cells are surrounded by a cell membrane?
All cells are surrounded by a plasma membrane of some kind, but depending on the cell type they can also be surrounded by additional structures. Plant cells have a cell wall to maintain hydrostatic pressure and gram-positive bacteria have a thick coating of peptidoglycans surrounding their plasma membrane.
