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It tells about the degree of acidity or alkalinity of a substance.

The pH is a measure of the concentration of hydrogen ions present.

pH = - log10 [H+]

Example:

concentration of H+, [H+] = 0.010 M

pH = - log10 0.010

= 2

pH = 5

[H+] = 10-5 M

= 1 x 10 -5 M

pH = 3.5

[H+] = 10-3.5 M

= 3.2 x 10-4 M

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