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A geologist studies rocks, minerals, and land forms such as mountains, lakes and rivers and tries to predict where natural resources such as petroleum, salt, minerals, and natural gas may be found.

An astronomer studies stars and their solar systems, galaxies and the universe in general to determine their composition and motion and thus predict the future of the Earth, the Universe and everything.

A hydrologist studies the movement of ground water and predicts its interactions with the works of man and natural changes resulting from earthquake, flood, etc.

A vulcanologist studies volcanoes and tries to predict their eruptions.

A meteorologist studies the weather and weather patterns and tries to predict the weather.

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