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A "quantum" is a measure of energy that can "kick" an electron up one complete energy level within an atom. Applying, for instance, heat (thermal energy) to a substance will excite electrons to go "up" an energy level at a time.

You may note that heated things often glow or give off visible light. They also give off other forms of light (other wavelengths along the Electromagnetic Spectrum) such as infrared light.

How does a substance give off light anyway? This is an integral part of understanding what quanta are.

Energy is "invested" into electrons in "chunks" or quanta of energy. However many quanta of energy are applied to an electron to raise it up in energy level will be released when that electron drops back to its "ground state". This energy is given off in the form of photons. Photons are like "packages" of light.

In summary, a quantum is the amount of energy it takes to bring an electron from one energy level to the next higher energy level.

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