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Putting a very complicated process into a few simple words, the cell cycle is called so because an eukaryotic cell cannot divide into two, the two into four, etc. unless two processes alternate:

- doubling of its genome (DNA) in S phase (synthesis phase) of the cell cycle;

- halving of that genome during mitosis (M phase).

The period between M and S is called Gap (G) 1; that between S and M is G2.

So, the cell cycle consists of:

- G1 = growth and preparation of the chromosomes for replication;

- S = synthesis of DNA (or DNA Replication) and duplication of the centrosome;

- G2 = preparation for

- M = mitosis.

When a cell is in any phase of the cell cycle other than mitosis, it is often said to be in interphase.

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