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The sympathetic nervous system is responsible for maintaining fight-or-flight and alertness-related functions of the autonomic nervous system.

It's key neurotransmitter class, the catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine) induce vasoconstriction (increasing blood pressure and shunting blood away from the skin in case of injury), increase heart rate (to supply more blood to the body), increase the breakdown of glycogen to glucose (to allow for more readily-available chemical energy for cells in a higher activity state), and control various other "alerting" or "stimulating" functions throughout the body.

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Does the sympathetic nervous system cause vasoconstriction?

Yep! The sympathetic nervous system causes both vasoconstriction & vasodilation. During "fight or flight" you need more O2/blood delivered to your skeletal muscles. The SNS causes vasodilation in skeletal muscles. The other organs, of the body (like digestive organs) are not needed for "fight or flight" survival. The SNS causes vasoconstriction in these organs.


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What is controlled by the somatic division of the PNS?

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Does the effect of epinephrine mimic the effect of the sympathetic nervous system or the parasympathetic nervous system?

The effect of epinephrine mimics the effect of the sympathetic nervous system. Epinephrine is also known as adrenaline, and it activates the "fight or flight" responses in the body, such as increasing heart rate, dilating airways, and increasing blood flow to muscles.