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In cells, energy metabolism is regulated such that the rate of ATP supply pathways will balance the rate of ATP demand pathways. This regulation is done in such a way so that the ATP/ADP levels and the levels of other intermediates involved in respiratory pathways are kept with narrow ranges. This is important because even though the rate of ATP supply and demand can change by several orders of magnitude, the ATP/ADP remains almost unchanged. This is achieved by simultaneous regulation and some 'fine tuning" regulation of supply and demand pathways. For example in muscular contraction will increase the energy demand and increase in demand relative to supply will decrease the ATP/ADP ratio which can activate ATP supply pathways. This type of regulation alone is not sufficient cause as you see the ATP/ADP ratio has to decrease first before any change is made in supply pathways, and in cases where this is a large increase in ATP demand, this decrease will be substantial. So, simultaneous regulation by Ca2+ which is a signal for muscular contraction can activate both supply and demand at the same time so that little change in ATP/ADP ratio is needed and metabolic homeostasis can be achieved

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What is the similarities between cellular respiration and respiration?

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How is anaerobic respiration different from cellular respiration?

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How does the gas exchange system help maintain homeostasis?

The gas exchange system helps maintain homeostasis by removing carbon dioxide from the bloodstream and supplying oxygen to the body's cells. This process ensures that cells receive the necessary oxygen for cellular respiration while removing waste carbon dioxide produced by metabolism, helping to regulate the body's pH levels and overall homeostasis.


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