It is generally called the valence electron as it determines the valency of electrons.
An atom will give up an electron when it is more stable by achieving a full outer electron shell. This typically occurs when the atom is in an ionic bond or is trying to achieve a more stable electron configuration.
It will lose its outermost electron to a nonmetal. The Rb atom will become a positively charged ion with a charge of 1+ , and the nonmetal will gain the electron and become a negatively charged ion. The electrostatic attraction between the oppositely charged ions forms an ionic bond.
What it bonds with. If you have a noble gas (like Krypton), since its outer energy level is full, it won't bond with anything. But if you have Hydrogen, who has one electron in the outermost level, it can bond with any other element with enough space on it's outermost energy level.
If the outer energy level of an atom is already filled with electrons, it is less likely to react because atoms tend to be more stable when their outer energy levels are full. This full outer level signifies that the atom has achieved a more stable electron configuration (usually the octet rule for most elements).
The octet rule states that atoms tend to gain, lose, or share electrons in order to have a full outer shell of 8 electrons, like the noble gases. Representative elements either gain or lose electrons to achieve this stable electron configuration, becoming ions with a charge that corresponds to the number of electrons gained or lost.
The Valence electron
The electrons on the outtermost energy level of an atom is called a valence electron.
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An atom will give up an electron when it is more stable by achieving a full outer electron shell. This typically occurs when the atom is in an ionic bond or is trying to achieve a more stable electron configuration.
It will lose its outermost electron to a nonmetal. The Rb atom will become a positively charged ion with a charge of 1+ , and the nonmetal will gain the electron and become a negatively charged ion. The electrostatic attraction between the oppositely charged ions forms an ionic bond.
What it bonds with. If you have a noble gas (like Krypton), since its outer energy level is full, it won't bond with anything. But if you have Hydrogen, who has one electron in the outermost level, it can bond with any other element with enough space on it's outermost energy level.
If the outer energy level of an atom is already filled with electrons, it is less likely to react because atoms tend to be more stable when their outer energy levels are full. This full outer level signifies that the atom has achieved a more stable electron configuration (usually the octet rule for most elements).
The halogens have 7 electrons in their outer shell desparate to gain the 1 electron to make a full shell of 8 electrons.
Alkali earth metals have 2 electrons in their outer energy level. This outer level is known as the valence shell, and having 2 electrons makes these metals highly reactive and likely to form ionic bonds to achieve a full outer shell of 8 electrons.
Sodium is in the third group in the periodic table. It meens that sodium has three shell. First shell - 2 electrons, second shell - 8 electrons, third shell (outer energy level) - 1 electron.
The size and shape of an electron cloud are most closely related to the electron's energy level and angular momentum, which determine the orbitals in which the electrons are most likely to be found. The electron cloud represents the region where there is a high probability of finding the electron at any given time.
Negatively charged particles in the outermost energy level of an atom are called electrons. Electrons are responsible for forming chemical bonds with other atoms to create molecules. The number and arrangement of electrons in the outermost energy level determine the chemical properties of an element.