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Earth's shadow falls on the moon. The Earth is actually passing between the Sun and the Moon, blocking the sunlight that would normally be reflected off the lunar surface.

As the Moon passes into the shadow of the Earth, all or part of it becomes dark. But there is still some sunlight refracted by the Earth's atmosphere that passes into the shadowed area. This often causes the Moon to appear a deep red color during a total lunar eclipse.
A lunar eclipse occurs when the moon passes behind the earth such that the earth blocks the sun's rays from striking the moon. This can occur only when the Sun, Earth and Moon are aligned exactly, or very closely so, with the Earth in the middle. Hence, there is always a full moon the night of a lunar eclipse.

A full moon is blocked by Earth's shadow.

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