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Waterfalls form when there is a sudden interruption in the course of a river. They may result from erosion by ice, changes in sea level and earth movements. However, many waterfalls form when rivers meet a band of softer, less resistant rock after flowing over a relatively hard, resistant rock. The underlying softer rock is worn away more quickly, and the harder rock is undercut. In time the overlaying harder rock will become unsupported and will collapse. After its collapse, some of the rock will be swirled around by the river, especially during times of high discharge, to form a deep plunge pool. This process is likely to be repeated many times, causing the waterfall to retreat upstream and leave a steep-sided gorge.

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