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The long-term distribution of heat and precipitation on Earth's surface is called global climate. Heat from the sun keeps the Earth's average temperature at about 60°F(16°C), within a range that allows for biological life and maintains the planet's life-sustaining reservoirs of liquid water. Astronomical variations and atmospheric shielding cause incoming solar radiation to fall unevenly on the Earth's surface. Ocean currents and winds further redistribute heat and moisture around the globe, creating climate zones. Climate zones have precipitation, temperature, wind, and ocean current patterns that together determine local, short-term weather, and affect development of ecologically adapted suites of plants and animals. Changes in the astronomical, oceanographic, atmospheric, and geological factors that determine global climate can lead to global climate change over time. The term climate is reserved for regional patterns of temperature and precipitation that persist for decades and centuries. Local atmospheric, oceanic, and temperature phenomena like storms and droughts that occur over hours, days, or seasons, is generally referred to as weather.

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