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Deforestation affects the carbon cycle, because forests (specifically, tall, dense forests such as rain forests and old growth forests) absorb the most carbon out of the atmosphere, per acre of area, through photosynthesis. Deforestation probably has as strong of an effect on the rising CO2 content of the atmosphere as anthropogenic (human-caused) CO2 emissions.

CO2 emissions, both natural and man-made, are another factor that significantly affects the carbon cycle. CO2 is emitted through the respiration of animals, decomposition of dead plants and animals, fossil fuel combustion in power plants and automobiles, and other anthropogenic and natural sources.

Climate also affects the carbon cycle. With global warming underway, climates are changing with the overall global temperature rising (though in some areas, the climate is becoming cooler). Temperature can have a variety of effects on the carbon cycle, causing mass die-offs which leads to the release of carbon dioxide, and killing plant life which further reduces the removal of carbon from the atmosphere. Temperature also affects ocean currents, and oceans are an important part of the carbon cycle.

Pollution can reduce the carbon carrying capacity of oceans and other carbon stores, leading them to not only lower overall carbon reduction from the atmosphere, but also possibly trigger emission of CO2 from these sources.

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