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We can determine the make-up of almost any planetery or celestial body using spectroscopy. This process breaks up the light emissions from said object and breaks them down into individuals colors of the light spectrum, better known to most of us as the Rainbow effect, for lack of a better term. Every element known to us will show up as a particular solid black band in the light spectrum, and by analyzing the bands, we can determine with relatively good certainty the make-up of astronomical objects.

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17y ago

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