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A star become a red giant when the core contracts, the temperature increases and the outer layers of the star begin to expand. By the end of this phase, the star can be 10 to 100 times it diameter. When the temperature in the core reaches 100 000 000°C, the helium start fusing into carbon. Because the star has expanded to such an enormous size, that the outer layer are much cooler than when the star was a main sequence star. It therefore appears red, earning the name of red giant.

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