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When the magma gets close to the surface, the gases dissolved in it start to come out, forming gases which help the magma rise further and erupt. If there is a lot of gas in the magma, it may explode as the gases expand. There may also be triggers like a landslide that uncaps the magma reservoir (like at Mt. St. Helens in 1980) or an interaction with groundwater that causes an explosion.

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14y ago

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