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In humans, it is the presence of the Y chromosome that makes an individual a male (not the ratio of X to Y). A normal male will have the sex chromosomes XY.

It is possible for males to have either an extra X chromosome, XXY, or an extra Y chromosome, XYY. These are both a type of aneuploidy - an unusual number of chromosomes.

XYY males are not very different from XY ("normal") males. They have normal testosterone levels, normal intelligence and normal fertility. They are on average taller than XY males.

XYY usually results from an error when sperm cells are formed, which results in a sperm cell that contains 2 Y chromosomes. This combines with the female gamete, which carries an X chromosome - resulting in an XYY individual.

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