If you put air at the bottom of a Winogradsky column, it may disrupt the anaerobic conditions needed for certain photosynthetic bacteria to thrive. This can affect the overall balance of microorganisms in the column and impact the different layers' metabolic processes. Ultimately, it may alter the column's ability to reduce different compounds and support the growth of specific microbial communities.
The different metabolic processes change from aerobic to anaerobic. The top layers are typically aerobic processes, while the bottom layers are typically anaerobic. The layers represent the flow (steps) of the nitrogen / sulfur / carbon cycle. Nitrogen fixing happens closer to the open air, denitrification happens farthest from the open air because it does not occur in the presence of oxygen.
valves
Yes, subsidence of an air column can lead to air becoming stable. As the air sinks, it warms adiabatically due to compression, creating a more stable atmosphere with less potential for vertical movement or convection.
what will happens to a plant exposed to air
This is tricky because it depends what you're holding constant, i.e., what you mean by "column of air" When air cools, it becomes denser because it compresses - this assumes no change in mass (or amount) of air. If you're talking about a discrete column of air that does not change in mass, then cooling it would cause to to compress and become denser because the volume is less (density = mass/volume). The pressure would remain the same because there is the same amount of air. If you want to change the amount of air in the column as fluid dynamics would demand, then you'd be holding volume constant. So the column would cool, compress, and more air would move in to fill the spot left by its compression. So the column would increase in mass as well as density and pressure.
The different metabolic processes change from aerobic to anaerobic. The top layers are typically aerobic processes, while the bottom layers are typically anaerobic. The layers represent the flow (steps) of the nitrogen / sulfur / carbon cycle. Nitrogen fixing happens closer to the open air, denitrification happens farthest from the open air because it does not occur in the presence of oxygen.
The pressure at the bottom of a 76 cm column of mercury in a barometer would be equal to the atmospheric pressure pushing down on the mercury column. This is because the height of the mercury column in a barometer is directly related to the atmospheric pressure. Thus, the pressure at the bottom of the mercury column would be the same as the air pressure at the bottom of the atmosphere.
The air pressure would be greatest at the bottom of the valley because air is denser at lower altitudes due to the weight of the overlying air column.
If the barometer is in the same place where you're measuring the air pressure, then they're exactly equal.
This is called a tornado.
Smoke rises up the chimney partly because hot air rises and partly because it is pushed wind blowing across the top of a chimney lowers the air pressure there the higher pressure at the bottom pushes air and smoke up the chimney
When a trumpeter depresses keys, it shortens the column of air within the trumpet. This change in length increases the pitch of the note being played, resulting in a higher frequency sound. Essentially, the shorter the air column, the higher the note produced. Conversely, extending the air column would lower the pitch.
It forms a funnel cloud.
The air at the top of the mountain is going to be much less dense than the air at the bottom of the mountain because it is affected less by gravity.
There is no particular term for the bottom of a tornado. The base of a tornado may be shrouded in a debris cloud.
At the bottom. You can think of the air pressure at a given location as being the weight of all the air in a column above it. Thus, the higher you go, the less air there is above you, and thus the lower the air pressure. In the extreme, when you rise out of the athmosphere, there is no air above you at all, and the air pressure is effectively zero - a vacuum. Air pressure is greater at the bottom of a mountain.
Look down the bottom of the steering column. The actual plug that you need to unplug is usually marked with message attached stating the severity of not unplugging and working on the steering column.