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As ice crystals and water droplets bump an rub against each other inside a thunderstorm electrons get transferred between these particles, giving them electrical charges. Air currents within the thunderstorm then carry these particles around so that different regions of the storm become either positively or negatively charged. Eventually these charges can become great enough that massive discharges of electricity occur. This is called lightning. The lightning instantaneously superheats the air it travels through to tens of thousands of degrees. The air expands rapidly, creating a shockwave that we hear as thunder.

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