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A star goes through the following primary fusion processes in its life:

  1. proton-proton burning, H + H --> D + e+ + νe + 0.42 MeV; followed by deuterium-proton burning, D + H --> He3 + γ + 5.49 MeV; followed by helium-3 burning, He3 + He3 --> He + H + H + 12.86 MeV; this reaction chain is followed 86% of the time in a typical main line star, the other 3 proton-proton burning reaction chains are rarer but all yield ordinary helium-4. (at no point does the star conduct DT burning, it just eventually runs out of ordinary hydrogen-1)
  2. when the star runs out of hydrogen to burn it must switch to a process called triple alpha burning, He + He + He --> C12 + e+ + e− + 7.275 MeV; to do this its core contracts until the pressure and temperature are high enough to ignite triple alpha burning, the extra energy release causes the outer layers of the star to expand and cool, it has left the main line and become a red giant
  3. when the red giant runs out of helium to burn its core collapses further, igniting additional reactions (see links for details)
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Deuterium and tritium are both?

The difference between deuterium and tritium is one neutron. Deuterium has one proton and one neutron, 12H, while tritium has one proton and two neutrons, 13H.


What are the functions of the deuterium and tritium atoms in nuclear reactors?

All current nuclear reactors are fission reactors, tritium has no function in a fission reactor, in standard water moderated reactors deuterium also has no function, in heavy water moderated reactors deuterium is the moderator. If we are ever able to make a fusion reactor, deuterium/tritium mix will be used as fuel.


What element is used in nuclear fusion and in what forms?

The element is hydrogen. The easiest reaction to produce on earth (though still very difficult) is between deuterium and tritium. Deuterium is hydrogen with one proton and one neutron, tritium has one proton and two neutrons. Deuterium (heavy water) can be separated from ordinary water whilst tritium has to be made from lithium in a nuclear reactor, and it is radioactive with a half life of 12 years so it does not occur in nature.


After the deuterium in heavy water is used in fusion what is left in the water?

Heavy water is not used in fusion for any purpose. Pure deuterium gas is used in some boosted fission nuclear bombs, deuterium-tritium gas is used in some boosted fission nuclear bombs and in some experimental fusion reactors. Lithium deuteride is used in fusion nuclear bombs. To obtain the deuterium for these purposes heavy water is usually separated by electrolysis into deuterium gas and oxygen gas. After the extraction of deuterium (or deuterated water) from natural water remain: H2O (molecules with 16O, 17O or 18O) and extremely low concentrations of HTO, T2O.


What is laser driven fusion?

The light emitted by a laser has an associated energy (Energy = Plank's Constant(times)frequency of the light => E=h*f). If the energy is high enough coupled with amplification techniques this energy can be utilized the induce fusion of the fuel. The fuel can be Deuterium-Deuterium, Deuterium-Tritium, Deuterium-Helium(3), or Hydrogen-Boron. The fusion of these atoms leads to product atoms and the release of energy.

Related Questions

Is deuterium radioactive?

No, deuterium is stable. It is Tritium that is radioactive.


What would be the source of fuel required by a fusion reactor?

Deutrium and tritium are needed as fuel in fusion reactor.


What are the differences between tritium and deuterium in terms of their properties and applications?

Tritium and deuterium are isotopes of hydrogen with different numbers of neutrons. Tritium is radioactive and emits low-energy beta particles, while deuterium is stable. Tritium is used in self-luminous devices like exit signs, while deuterium is used in nuclear reactors for fuel and as a tracer in chemical reactions.


Deuterium and tritium are both?

The difference between deuterium and tritium is one neutron. Deuterium has one proton and one neutron, 12H, while tritium has one proton and two neutrons, 13H.


What are the functions of the deuterium and tritium atoms in nuclear reactors?

All current nuclear reactors are fission reactors, tritium has no function in a fission reactor, in standard water moderated reactors deuterium also has no function, in heavy water moderated reactors deuterium is the moderator. If we are ever able to make a fusion reactor, deuterium/tritium mix will be used as fuel.


What is the power source for fusion?

The most likely fuel for fusion on earth is a mixture of deuterium and tritium (both isotopes of hydrogen)


Which source of energy is used for fusion?

Nuclear fusion produces energy from the changes in the nuclear composition of the fuel, which is a mixture of deuterium and tritium. Essentially what happens is that some of the mass of the nuclei is destroyed and this releases energy


What is the fuel source for fusion?

Hydrogen in stars. Man made attempts use the heavier isotopes of Hydrogen (Deuterium, Tritium) and sometimes Lithium.


What element is used in nuclear fusion and in what forms?

The element is hydrogen. The easiest reaction to produce on earth (though still very difficult) is between deuterium and tritium. Deuterium is hydrogen with one proton and one neutron, tritium has one proton and two neutrons. Deuterium (heavy water) can be separated from ordinary water whilst tritium has to be made from lithium in a nuclear reactor, and it is radioactive with a half life of 12 years so it does not occur in nature.


What is the difference between hydrogen fuel cells and hydrogen fussion?

In fuel cells the hydrogen is oxidised to water. In fusion 2 different isotopes of hydrogen (deuterium and tritium) fuse together to form helium.


After the deuterium in heavy water is used in fusion what is left in the water?

Heavy water is not used in fusion for any purpose. Pure deuterium gas is used in some boosted fission nuclear bombs, deuterium-tritium gas is used in some boosted fission nuclear bombs and in some experimental fusion reactors. Lithium deuteride is used in fusion nuclear bombs. To obtain the deuterium for these purposes heavy water is usually separated by electrolysis into deuterium gas and oxygen gas. After the extraction of deuterium (or deuterated water) from natural water remain: H2O (molecules with 16O, 17O or 18O) and extremely low concentrations of HTO, T2O.


What substances are used to cause fusion?

Substances known as fuel, typically isotopes of hydrogen such as deuterium and tritium, are used in fusion reactions. These isotopes are heated to high temperatures to create plasma, where fusion occurs. Additionally, certain elements like lithium can be used as part of the fusion reactor design to enhance the reaction process.