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The eight planets have elliptical orbits with a low value of eccentricity, which is a measure of how far off-centre the Sun is. So these orbits are 'slightly' elliptical.

As an example, the Earth's orbit has an eccentricity of 1/60, so that if the average distance from the Sun is 150 million km in round numbers, the distance varies by one sixtieth each way, in other words (150±2.5) million km, minimum in July and max in January.


The shape of the Earth's orbit is almost a perfect circle except for a discrepancy of about 0.05 million km between the major and minor axes of the ellipse.


The maximum and minumum distances occur at either end of the major axis.

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