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During the supergiant stage of a massive star's life, elements heavier than iron are formed through the process of nucleosynthesis, primarily during supernova explosions. This includes elements like nickel, copper, zinc, and various heavier elements such as gold and uranium, which are produced through rapid neutron capture processes known as the r-process. These heavy elements are ejected into space during the star's explosive death, enriching the interstellar medium and contributing to the formation of new stars and planets.

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