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During the Pliocene era, which lasted from about 5.3 to 2.6 million years ago, several hominid species emerged, including Australopithecus afarensis, exemplified by the famous fossil "Lucy." This genus is characterized by bipedalism and a mix of ape-like and human-like traits. Other notable species from this period include Australopithecus africanus and Paranthropus, which displayed adaptations for both foraging and possible tool use. The Pliocene laid critical groundwork for the evolution of later hominins, leading into the Pleistocene era.

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