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If Jupiter hit the sun, there would be phenomenal release of energy. The energy is equivalent to 1/2 mv2 so since the mass of Jupiter is 1.89x1027 kg and the escape velocity of the sun (and thus the approximate speed of impact) is 617 km/s (6.17x105 m/s). Thus, the energy released would be 3.60x1038 J. At that speed, the collision would take about 4 minutes from the moment of the first contact to the moment all of Jupiter is at the surface of the sun. This would be around 1.5e36 W on average, or about 4 billiontimes brighter than the sun normally is. On Earth, areas in direct sunlight would receive 20 petajoules/m2 over that time period. By comparison, a 1 megaton nuclear bomb at 10 m (across the room) only releases 3.3 gigajoules/m2, less than 1/1000 of what this event would generate. Needless to say, nobody on the day side of Earth would survive, and the blast wave and earthquake would kill everyone on the night side.

As for the sun itself, it would brighten considerably for a few years before returning to normal.

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