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Although retinal cells and muscle cells contain identical DNA, they function differently due to the process of gene expression. Different sets of genes are activated or silenced in each cell type, leading to the production of distinct proteins that determine their specific functions. Additionally, epigenetic modifications and environmental factors can influence how genes are expressed, further contributing to the specialization of these cells. Thus, the variation in protein production and cellular behavior arises from selective gene expression rather than differences in the underlying DNA itself.

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3mo ago

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